Kumisha icyuma cyuma mu buryo bw'umwimerere bituma gifatana… Uburyo bwo kugenzura

Kumisha icyuma cyuma mu buryo bw'umwimerere bituma gifatana… Uburyo bwo kugenzura

Ibiryo byumye bishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: bidafatana n'ibifatana. Ibintu bidafatana biroroshye kubyumisha hakoreshejwe imiterere yoroshye yumutsa n'ifu ya nyuma itemba neza. Ingero z'ibikoresho bidafatana birimo amagi y'ifu, amata y'ifu, maltodextrins nka solution, ishinya, na poroteyine. Ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa bifatana, hari ibibazo byo kumisha mu gihe bisanzwe byo kumisha. Ibiryo bifatana akenshi biguma ku nkuta zumutsa cyangwa bikaba ibiryo bifatana bidafite akamaro mu byumba byumutsa no mu buryo bwo gutwara ibintu hamwe n'ibibazo by'imikorere n'umusaruro muke. Ingero zisanzwe z'ibiryo birimo isukari n'aside ni isukari.

Gufatana ni ikintu kigaragara mu gihe cy'izuba ry'ibiryo bikungahaye ku isukari na aside bikunze gusukwa. Ifu ifatana ni umwihariko wo gufatana. Ishobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bwo gufatana kw'uduce duto n'uduce (guhuza) no gufatana kw'uduce duto n'urukuta (gufatana). Igipimo cy'imbaraga uduce duto tw'ifu dufatana giterwa n'imiterere yabyo y'imbere izwi nka cohesion, igakora uduce duto mu gisenge cy'ifu. Kubwibyo imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo bice by'ifu bimeneke bigomba kuba biruta imbaraga zifatanye. Gufatana ni umwihariko w'ibice by'ifu, ubushake bw'uduce tw'ifu bwo gufatana ku nkuta z'ibikoresho by'isukura. Gufatana no gufatana ni ibipimo by'ingenzi mu miterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'isukura no kumisha. Imiterere y'ubuso bw'uduce tw'ifu ni yo ahanini ituma ikibazo cyo gufatana. Gufatana no gufatana kw'uduce tw'ifu biratandukanye. Kubera ko kumisha bisaba kohereza byinshi mu isukari ku buso bw'uduce duto, ni ingano. Imiterere ibiri ikomeye (gufatana no gufatana) ishobora kuba mu bikoresho by'ibiribwa byumye bikungahaye ku isukari. Gufatana hagati y’uduce ni uguhuza ni ukurema ibiraro by’amazi bidahinduka, ibiraro by’amazi bigenda, guhuza imiterere hagati ya molekile n’imbaraga rukuruzi za electrostatic n’ibiraro bikomeye. Mu gihe cyuma, uduce tw’ifu y’urukuta rw’icyumba dufatana ahanini bitewe n’igihombo cy’ibikoresho mu gusukura isukari n’ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri aside. Ibintu by’ifu iyo bibitswe igihe kirekire mu gusukura urukuta biragabanuka.

Impamvu zo gufatana:

Kuvugurura isukari n'ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri aside Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha ifu ikoreshwa mu gusukura, isukari nkeya (glucose, fructose) na aside organic (citric, malic, tartaric) biragoye cyane. Izi molecule nto zifata amazi menshi, ubushyuhe bukabije, n'ubushyuhe buke bw'impinduka mu kirahuri (Tg) bigira uruhare mu kibazo cyo gufata. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwo kumisha ifu buri hejuru ya Tg 20°C, ibi bintu ahanini bikora uduce tworoshye ku buso bufata, bigatuma ifu ifatana maze ikavamo imiterere isa n'ifu aho kuba ifu. Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kugenda kwa molecule nk'izo buterwa n'ubushyuhe buke bw'impinduka mu kirahuri (Tg), ibyo bigatera ibibazo byo gufatana mu bushyuhe busanzwe buzwi cyane mu byuma byumisha ifu. Ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu kirahuri ni cyo kintu nyamukuru kiranga ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu gice kidahinduka. Impinduka mu kirahuri iba iyo isukari ikomeye, idahinduka, ihinduka ihinduka ihinduka ifu yoroshye, imeze nk'amazi. Ingufu zo hejuru, ikirahuri gikomeye gifite ingufu nke ku buso kandi ntigifatana n'ubuso bukomeye bufite ingufu nke. Kubera ihinduka riva ku miterere y'ikirahure rijya ku miterere y'urubura (cyangwa amazi), ubuso bw'ibintu bushobora kuzamurwa, kandi imikoranire y'ubuso bunini n'ubukomeye ishobora gutangira. Mu gikorwa cyo kumisha ibiryo, ibicuruzwa biba biri mu miterere y'amazi cyangwa bifatanye, kandi bitewe no gukuraho pulasitiki (amazi), ibiryo bifatanye n'amazi biba bimeze nk'ikirahure. Ibiryo bizakomeza kuba bifite ingufu nyinshi iyo ibiryo bitanyuze mu ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kumisha aho guhinduka kw'ubushyuhe bwa vitrification. Iyo ibiryo bihuye n'ubuso bukomeye bufite ingufu nyinshi, bizabifata cyangwa bikabifata.

Kugenzura Ubukana:

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n'uburyo bushingiye ku mikorere kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe. Uburyo bushingiye ku bikoresho burimo ibikoresho bifite uburemere bwinshi bwo kumisha ibikoresho kugira ngo bizamure ubushyuhe burenga ikirahure, naho uburyo bushingiye ku mikorere burimo inkuta, hepfo, n'ibindi byumba by'imashini.